A pace can be reproduced exactly on paper while its physiological cost changes substantially.
Uphill and headwind running usually require either more effort at the same pace or a slower pace at the same effort.
Relative-intensity signals answer a different question from the checkpoint clock, so neither should be relabelled as the other.
The full explanation
Pace is an external ratio between a clock and a measured distance. Effort is what that movement costs a particular person under particular conditions. An even running split plan can make the ratio exact, but hills, wind, heat, fatigue and fitness can make equal pace feel—and be—unequal effort. Read the complete guide for the reasoning, examples and definitions behind this answer.